Antimicrobials and Drug Resistance

Antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine

The use of antimicrobials in animals are closely parallels to the discovery and usage in humans.  Like  Sulfonamide was the first antimicrobial to be introduced to food animal medicine. Antibiotics are  given to food animals for growth promotion and prophylactic medication. In  other hand ,epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms at the human–animal interface involves complex and largely unpredictable systems that include transmission routes of resistant bacteria as well as resistance genes and the impact of antimicrobial selective pressures in several reservoir. There is an environmental impact of  Antibiotics and their metabolites (degradation products) through antibiotic-laden manure or direct deposition of manure by grazing animals.  .  Antibiotics that reach the environment ,only that proportion will remain biologically active.   Low subtherapeutic concentrations of antibiotics that accumulate over time may have profound effects on some ecosystems